The process of creating permanent reserves involves a collaborative approach between different groups of fishers, and the integration of ecological and social criteria to ensure the acceptability and impact of the reserves. Reserve sites are selected through a combination of scientific analysis and local knowledge, involving extensive consultations and scenario planning. These discussions involve all types of fishers, particularly marginalized groups at risk of losing income due to restrictions.

Representative and adaptable governance that promotes compliance requires particular attention in the Comoros due to the lack of existing institutions. We are co-creating two-tiered governance systems for each permanent reserve to ensure that fishers have greater power in decision-making, by including all different groups of fishers in discussions and representation. Other local stakeholders, such as authorities, are invited to play a validating and supportive role. Training and support are provided to governance bodies to strengthen their leadership and implementation capacities. Exchange visits complement this system by promoting collective learning and cooperation between fishing communities.

To compensate for access restrictions associated with permanent reserves, whose benefits only become apparent in the medium and long term, we are developing short-term incentives linked to management actions. We favor incentives that are integrated into the fisheries value chain because they support existing livelihood activities and can have multiplier effects. This is the case, for example, with fish aggregating devices (FADs) or solar freezers. At the same time, we are testing indirect measures, such as agricultural support, to assess their impact on compliance with management rules.

The long-term success of the model depends on the legal recognition of the rights of artisanal fishers. We are working with the authorities to ensure their support for the permanent reserve model and to strengthen the existing legislative framework for fisheries management.